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Source-separation technology provides a new idea to replace the treatment of human urine in a WWTP and further realize the resource utilization. Separated urine has a higher resource value than mixed manure and urine. Urine source-separation, in other words, urine-diversion, was first proposed in 1996, 12 after which research on urine-derived fertilizer, 13 urine diversion systems installation and operation, 14 microbiological and physical–chemical process for urine treatment, 15 user attitudes towards urine diversion 16 commenced. In recent years, source-separation toilets have developed gradually all over the world, 17 including Sweden, South Africa and so on. However, source-separated urine was commonly diluted 5–20 times during source-separation due to water flushing. 18 Because of the large volume, transportation costs would be extremely high, so in-person use is advised. If transportation is unavoidable, a volume reduction of 80% is recommended. 19 From the offset, we have helped numerous green customers choose the right type of separator, one that complements their unique design of composting toilet. So we decided to show you the ropes by compiling this extensive list of all the possible things that could go wrong, some of the best maintenance practices, and a few definite no-nos. M. Xie, H. K. Shon, S. R. Gray and M. Elimelech, Water Res., 2016, 89, 210–221 CrossRef CAS PubMed. More and more people are replacing their chemical toilets used on their allotment or when camping with diverting toilets. Since keeping urine and faeces separate prevents the build-up of unpleasant odours, no chemical additives are needed to treat your ‘output’. PS: If you want to know more about the advantages of composting toilets and dry toilets, also read this blog article.
Y. M. Manawi, M. Khraisheh, A. K. Fard, F. Benyahia and S. Adham, Desalination, 2014, 336, 110–120 CrossRef CAS.
Always a good choice: Our classic urine diverter
Floran’s extended edge (we like to call it the hook ) prevents the urine from finding its way into the space between the solid and liquid containers. Sometimes, an uneven stream of urine in tiny toilet solutions could end up on the floor. Nobody likes to clean that stuff, let alone inhale that unpleasant odor – and we deal in toilets! We had our fair share of cleaning as it is. So in this regard, our expert opinion is that Floran has you covered. Hands down. Note that both Marcel and Floran models are customizable. Each piece is a limited edition, painted by hand. P. Ledezma, P. Kuntke, C. Buisman, J. Keller and S. Freguia, Trends Biotechnol., 2015, 33, 214–220 CrossRef CAS PubMed. This will require a bit of work, but it is pretty easy to do as a DIY project. Here are instructions on how to make a urine diverting toilet seat.
There are few factors affecting the composting process: the proper balance (1:4-5) of nitrogen-rich material (food scraps, fresh grass, manure, human feces) and carbon-rich materials (dry grass, dry leaves, cardboard (not paper), wood shavings, wood chips, hemp chips…). Strong and sturdy, with an easy-to-clean shiny surface, this urine diverter is the outcome of extensive research into the most effective way of diverting urine away from the solids, for both male and female users. The urine diverter is attached with runners or screws to the bottom of the compost toilet seat platform and can be easily removed for periodic cleaning.Originally intended for use with our own built separation toilets, especially for the more compact ones, this separation insert is now also available for the DIY sector. Now that we have shed light on the basic differences, let’s see how that applies to the most common composting toilet solutions… Marcel (left) and Floran (right) Solid waste is safe to handle after composting it for 6 to 12 months. After the pathogens are eliminated, you can store it safely outdoors, or compost it again until it decomposes fully. The result? The richest humus you can get your hands on. Urine diversion is the single most important factor in any natural, dry toilet system. This nifty plastic urine diverter pipes the wee away from the poo, to keep your waterless composting toilet odour free and easy to maintain.
Our universal model is convenient for diverse toilet designs and different dimensions of the chambers. Our flagship models Marcel and Floran are handmade porcelain urine separators that are as hygienic and durable as any porcelain toilet bowl. They’re easy to install, perfect for eco-conscious homes, tiny homes, camper vans, cottages, float homes, boats, permaculture households, rural or urban spaces that envision composting toilet systems. The downside? Adaptations often fail to give us enough wiggle room so we might have to make a few compromises. Sometimes old toilets have a hole in the ground that isn’t all that good for composting. Conclusions and future prospects Membrane technology has good prospects for the utilization of resources in urine collected from toilets. The energy consumption of low external pressure membrane technologies is low, but the interception effect is poor. A high external pressure membrane has a good interception effect, but its energy consumption is high, so it is not suitable for urine resource treatment alone. Vapor pressure-driven membrane technology has a high rejection rate for non-volatile substances, but volatile substances easily pass through the membrane and pollute the product. When using urine for water recovery, precautions should be taken to prevent NH 3 volatilization. Ammonia can also be recovered under isothermal conditions. The advantages of chemical potential gradient driven membrane technology include low energy consumption and ease of use. Chemical potential gradient driven membrane technology can be used in a variety of situations because the composition of the draw solution can be adjusted flexibly to accommodate different components of urine or different recovery goals. It can also be combined with other technologies to improve nutrient recovery and pollutant removal. There is little research on electric field-driven membrane technology, but reverse electrodialysis technology is the only one that can recover energy, making it very promising technology.
Finally, we offer friendly discounts and giveaways very often. Sometimes we have urine separators with aesthetic imperfections without any functional problems, they are just not as aesthetically pleasing. We also provide support to groups and individuals in their projects and we do different collaborations. L. Rossi, J. Lienert and T. A. Larsen, J. Environ. Manage., 2009, 90, 1909–1917 CrossRef CAS PubMed.
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